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Glossary

Insights

Glossary

Clear definitions of the sustainability, climate, and ESG terms that matter most — from CBAM and CSRD to SBTi and PCAF. Written by Semtrio's advisory team.

Are there any terms you don't recognise?

Browse A-Z

L

Location-based Method

The location-based method is a Scope 2 accounting approach that calculates emissions from purchased electricity using the average emission factor of the grid where the consumption physically occurs, regardless of any energy the organisation has contracted for.

Carbon Accounting

M

Market-based Method

The market-based method is a Scope 2 accounting approach that calculates emissions from purchased electricity using the specific emission factors of the energy an organisation has chosen to buy — such as renewable-backed contracts or supplier-specific rates — rather than the average grid.

Carbon Accounting

Materiality Assessment

A materiality assessment is the structured process by which an organisation determines which sustainability topics are significant enough to manage, disclose and resource — and which are not.

ESG Reporting

Materiality Matrix

A materiality matrix is a visual tool that plots sustainability topics by their importance to stakeholders and to the business, to prioritise what an organisation reports and acts on.

Climate Strategy

Minimum Safeguards

Minimum safeguards are the social conditions an economic activity must meet to qualify as EU Taxonomy-aligned, requiring alignment with international standards on human rights, labour, corruption, taxation and fair competition.

Regulation & Compliance

MSCI ESG Ratings

MSCI ESG Ratings measure a company's resilience to financially material environmental, social and governance risks, scored on a seven-point scale from AAA (leader) to CCC (laggard) relative to industry peers.

Ratings

N

Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)

A Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) is the climate action plan each country submits under the Paris Agreement, setting out its emissions-reduction target and the measures it will take, updated every five years with increasing ambition.

Regulation & Compliance

Nature-based Solutions (NbS)

Nature-based solutions are actions to protect, conserve, restore or sustainably manage ecosystems that address societal challenges effectively while simultaneously benefiting biodiversity and human wellbeing.

Climate Strategy
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Have a question we haven't defined yet?

If you're working through a regulatory framework or sustainability challenge and need clarity on a specific term or concept — our team is here to help directly.