Insights
Clear definitions of the sustainability, climate, and ESG terms that matter most — from CBAM and CSRD to SBTi and PCAF. Written by Semtrio's advisory team.
TCFD is a framework developed by the Financial Stability Board that provides recommendations for disclosing climate-related financial risks and opportunities — organized across four pillars of Governance, Strategy, Risk Management, and Metrics and Targets — and has become the foundational architecture for climate disclosure globally, embedded in IFRS S2, ESRS E1, and multiple national mandatory requirements.
TNFD is a global voluntary framework that provides organizations with guidance on assessing, managing, and disclosing their material dependencies and impacts on nature — structured around the LEAP approach and four disclosure pillars mirroring the TCFD architecture, designed to inform capital allocation decisions by investors and financial institutions.
TSRS are the Türkiye Sustainability Reporting Standards — mandatory sustainability disclosure standards issued by the Public Oversight Accounting and Auditing Standards Authority (KAP) that require listed companies and financial institutions in Türkiye to disclose material sustainability-related risks and opportunities and climate-related information, substantially aligned with the ISSB's IFRS S1 and S2 standards.
The Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) is a marketplace in which organizations and individuals purchase carbon credits representing verified emissions reductions or removals from climate projects — outside of any regulatory compliance obligation — primarily to address residual emissions as part of net zero commitments or to contribute to climate action beyond direct reduction targets.
If you're working through a regulatory framework or sustainability challenge and need clarity on a specific term or concept — our team is here to help directly.
